The Battle of Britain was a crucial aerial campaign fought in the summer and autumn of 1940 between the German Luftwaffe and the British Royal Air Force (RAF). It was a pivotal moment in World War II, as it marked the first major defeat for Germany and prevented a planned invasion of Britain. The RAF, though outnumbered, ultimately prevailed due to a combination of factors including a superior air defense system, skilled pilots (including foreign volunteers), and the resilience of the British people according to The National WWII Museum.